science

Head and Heart, Best Advice, and Why All Breathwork Works

 

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4 Thoughts



1. Why All Breathwork Works: The Brain, Lungs, and Speed Dial

Over thousands of years of evolution, fast and powerful pathways between the respiratory system and the brain have been established. If breathing stops, death occurs within minutes, and so the brain prioritizes messages from the lungs above all others.

- Charley Morley, Wake Up to Sleep
(Thanks to D.A. for this excellent recommendation)

This idea has been said in many different ways, but this version resonates profoundly with me. And, it concisely summarizes why all breathwork works: “the brain prioritizes messages from the lungs above all others.”

2. For Breathing, We Need Emotion and Science, Head and Heart

It’s time to drop the old notions of separation between emotion and science—for ourselves and our future. Just as rivers join on their way to the ocean, to understand Blue Mind we need to draw together separate streams: analysis and affection; elations and experimentation; head and heart.

- Wallace J Nichols, Blue Mind

This is a beautiful passage, and it couldn’t be any truer for breathing, too: we need “analysis and affection; elations and experimentation; head and heart.

Breathing is where all these rivers join and flow into the ocean of life.

3. Resonance Breathing for Sleep: A Real-World Example

I have found that just a few minutes of resonance breathing each day has improved my sleep, and my ability to fall asleep much more quickly. … Resonance breathing has helped me to get in touch with the parasympathetic branch of the nervous system that rules rest. When I lie down to sleep at night, I can sense sleep much more readily, and I can give into it.

- Eddie Stern, One Simple Thing

A few weeks ago, we discussed a study showing that slow breathing before sleep improves sleep quality and vagal tone.

But better than any study, here’s a real-world example from Eddie Stern. In fact, it was so powerful for Eddie that he went and created a resonance breathing app.

Use it tonight for better sleep.

4. The Best Advice I’ve Read for Our Daily Practice

The practice itself has to become the daily embodiment of your vision and contain what you value most deeply. It doesn't mean trying to change or be different from how you are, calm when you're not feeling calm, or kind when you really feel angry. Rather, it is bearing in mind what is most important to you so that it is not lost or betrayed in the heat and reactivity of a particular moment.” (my emphasis)

- Jon Kabat-Zinn, Ph.D., Wherever You Go There You Are

It’s taken me 5 years of daily practice to even begin to understand this statement.

No matter how long you are into yours, I hope this hits home for you too 🙏


1 QUOTE

The practices of breathing and working with your body are about re-empowering you. They’re about connecting you with your own mind, your own body, your own will and your ability to live and to value your life.
— Daniel Libby, Ph.D.
 

1 ANSWER

Category: Brain-Lung Communication

Answer: One of the ways in which the brain has the lungs on “speed dial” is through information sent & received from this nerve.

(Cue the Jeopardy! music.)

Question: What is the vagus nerve?

P.S. I know this was a softball for many of you, but it fit too good with Thought #1 to leave off here : )


Two Extras: A Speaking Event and a Blog

1. Breathe Your Way to Better Health: A Presentation Format of The Breathing 411

I’m honored to be speaking at the Ziva Lifestyle Summit: Your Health Begins with You. For talks, I always draw from this newsletter to combine a variety of sources in a fun and (hopefully) useful way. So, if you like this newsletter, I think you’ll enjoy it.

Here are the event details. I hope to see you there!

2. Reduce Stress with Slow Deep Breathing

Here’s another guest blog I wrote for ResBiotic titled Reduce Stress with Slow Deep Breathing. I hope you enjoy it!


In good breath,

Nick Heath, T1D, PhD
“Breathing is the compound interest of health & wellness.”

P.S. 6 months since I joined the gym

Breathing for Diabetes:

If you love learning about breathing, or just want to live an overall healthier life, I think you’ll really enjoy this class (diabetes or not).

 
 

* An asterisk by a quote indicates that I listened to this book on Audible. Therefore, the quotation might not be correct, but is my best attempt at reproducing the punctuation based on the narrator’s pace, tone, and pauses.


Sign Up For The Breathing 411

Each Monday, I curate and synthesize information from scientific journals, books, articles, and podcasts to share 4 thoughts, 1 quote, and 1 answer (like "Jeopardy!") related to breathing. It’s a fun way to learn something new each week.

 
 

18 Excellent Statements from Scientific Articles

 

Over the past few years, I have accumulated over 500 pages of notes on over 100 scientific articles on breathing. I’ve recently been going back through them as part of a project I’m working on. In this post, I share some of the best "one-liners" I’ve come across. Enjoy!

 
 

 
 

1. Integrating Breathing Techniques Into Psychotherapy to Improve HRV: Which Approach Is Best?

Frontiers in Psychology (2021)

For those interested in addressing physiological regulation in psychotherapy, the main implication of this study is that both 6 breath per minute breathing and soothing rhythm breathing increase HRV and therefore be beneficial to use in psychotherapy.



2. Effect of nasal or oral breathing route on upper airway resistance during sleep

European Respiratory Journal (2003)

In summary, upper airway resistance during sleep is significantly lower during nasal breathing than during oral breathing. 



3. How breath-control can change your life: A systematic review on psycho-physiological correlates of slow breathing

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience (2018)

“Taken together, these results confirm that nasal stimulation represents the fundamental link between slow breathing techniques, brain and autonomic activities and psychological/behavioral outputs.” 



4. Oxygen-induced impairment in arterial function is corrected by slow breathing in patients with type 1 diabetes

Nature (2017)

“Slow breathing could be a simple beneficial intervention in diabetes.



5. Effect of diaphragmatic breathing on heart rate variability in ischemic heart disease with diabetes

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia (2009)

“Our study supports the view that the intervention in the form of deep diaphragmatic breathing practice would improve the glycemic control and also decrease the cardiac autonomic impairment in IHD patients with diabetes mellitus.


 

6. On aprosexia, being the inability to fix the attention and other allied troubles in the cerebral functions caused by nasal disorders 

The British Medical Journal (1889)

“Shut your mouth and save your brain.’


 

7. Nasal obstructions, sleep, and mental function

Sleep (1983)

While asleep, shut your mouth and save your brain.”


 

8. Breathing control center neurons that promote arousal in mice

Science (2017)

“This respiratory corollary signal would thus serve to coordinate the animal’s state of arousal with the breathing pattern, leaving the animal calm and relaxed when breathing is slow and regular, but promoting (or maintaining) arousal when breathing is rapid or disturbed.


 

9. Review: Can yoga breathing exercises improve glycemic response and insulin sensitivity?

Journal of Yoga & Physical Therapy (2017)

“Thus, decreases in respiratory rates can lead to a decrease in stress and sympathetic outflow, ultimately causing a lower rate of gluconeogenesis and glucose release into the blood stream.


 

10. Spontaneous respiratory modulation improves cardiovascular control in essential hypertension

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia (2007)

Slow breathing is a straightforward method with no contraindications that offers a rather valid cost-benefit, improving autonomic balance and respiratory control and lowering blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension.


 

11. Slow breathing improves arterial baroreflex sensitivity and decreases blood pressure in essential hypertension

Hypertension (2005)

“Therefore, one can expect that a modification in the respiratory control would affect also the control of the cardiovascular system.  Because the breathing is also under voluntary control, it is theoretically possible to induce such changes by voluntary modification of breathing.”


 

12. Inclusion of a rest period in diaphragmatic breathing increases high frequency heart rate variability: Implications for behavioral therapy

Psychophysiology (2017)

“With breathing interventions being relatively rapid interventions to implement and also demonstrating a wide range of positive clinical outcomes, breathing interventions warrant closer consideration from healthcare professionals.


 

13. Slow breathing reduces sympathoexcitation in COPD

European Respiration Journal (2008)

In summary, patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease showed sympathetic excitation and depression of the baroreflex.  Slow breathing counteracted these changes.” 


  

14. Nasal respiration entrains human limbic oscillations and modulates cognitive function

The Journal of Neuroscience (2016)

“Our findings provide a unique framework for understanding the pivotal role of nasal breathing in coordinating neuronal oscillations to support stimulus processing and behavior.


 

15. Nasal respiration entrains human limbic oscillations and modulates cognitive function

The Journal of Neuroscience (2016)

“We also found that the route of breathing was critical to these effects, such that cognitive performance significantly declined during oral breathing”

  


16. Nasal nitric oxide and regulation of human pulmonary blood flow in the upright position

Journal of Applied Physiology (2010)

“Therefore, upper airway NO could have emerged in bipedal mammals not only to improve gas exchange but also to provide some protection against infection.


 

17. Effects of inhaled nitric oxide on regional blood flow are consistent with intravascular nitric oxide delivery

The Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

The most fundamental and important observation of this study is that NO gas introduced to the lungs can be stabilized and transported in blood and peripherally modulate blood flow.



18. The physiological effects of slow breathing in the healthy human

Breathe (2017)

Perhaps it is time to refine a breathing technique that optimizes ventilation, gas exchange and arterial oxygenation, maximizes vagal tone, maintains parasympathetic-sympathetic balance and optimizes the amount of cardiorespiratory reserve that could be called upon in times of intense physical or mental stress or activity.” 



 

The Breathing 411

If you enjoyed this, consider signing up for my 411 newsletter. Each Monday, I combine information from scientific journals, books, articles, and podcasts to share 4 thoughts, 1 quote, and 1 answer (like "Jeopardy!") related to breathing.

 

The Breathing 411 - There Are No Quick Fixes, Except This One

 

Welcome to another version of The Breathing 4.1.1., where I curate the curators to bring you the best practical ideas I can find about breathing.

Below you’ll find 4 thoughts, 1 quote, and 1 answer (think "Jeopardy"). Enjoy!

 
 

 
 

4 THOUGHTS

1. There Are No Quick Fixes, Except This One

"You won’t find many quick fixes in this book, but there is one way to immediately boost willpower: Slow your breathing down to four to six breaths per minute [...] Slowing the breath down activates the prefrontal cortex and increases heart rate variability, which helps shift the brain and body from a state of stress to self-control mode. A few minutes of this technique will make you feel calm, in control, and capable of handling cravings or challenges."
-Kelly McGonigal, The Willpower Instinct

Beautifully said. Thank you, Kelly.

2. The #1 Breathing Fundamental

I’ve referred to it as the 1% rule (an idea I borrowed from James Clear and Dan Pink), but it is also the #1 fundamental: Breathe through your nose.

If you’re reading this, you’re probably aware of the importance of nose breathing. But, did you know that a 2018 study, which has been viewed over 93,000 times and cited 26 times, concluded that the benefits of breath control might be linked back to the nose?

"Taken together, these results confirm that nasal stimulation represents the fundamental link between slow breathing techniques, brain and autonomic activities and psychological/behavioral outputs." - Zaccaro et al. (2018)

That’s a powerful conclusion. So, to add on to what Kelly McGongical said above, breathe slowly and through your nose.

3. Breathing as Active Rest

"Active rest" has become a popular topic among athletes (and people who just enjoy exercising). It’s hard to take a day off when you love your workout, but it’s also necessary to give your body the rest it needs to recover. Enter: active rest.

There are several popular approaches. The sauna, an ice bath, or a long walk. But one of the most powerful is breathing…I’m not biased or anything : )

And the best part is that restful breathing doesn’t require any fancy equipment or money. It can be done anywhere, anytime.

In The Power of Rest, Dr. Matthew Edlund puts it this way:

“We want to learn to rest anywhere, anytime, in ways that restore us, calm us, relax us, and make us alert. That means we have to learn how to breathe.”

Agreed. See Kelly McGonigal’s advice above for the best way to "learn how to breathe."

4. Science Guides the Macro, Practice Guides the Micro

When studies show that something works, it doesn’t necessarily mean it’ll work for everyone.

We’re all different. We have different bodies, different environments, and different day-to-day stressors and stimuli that we’re exposed to. Although scientific studies try to be as general as possible, their results cannot be expected to work the same in everyone.

This gets to my thought: Science guides the macro, practice guides the micro.

For example, "get 8 hours of sleep" is a great macro statement. It sets a good target that will be beneficial for most people.

However, if you performed an in-depth sleep study on yourself, you might find that you need 7 h 37 min or 8 h 11 min to be fully rested. And that might vary from day-to-day, season-to-season.

The same goes for all of this "breathing" stuff. Guidance such as "breathe at 4-6 breaths per minute" is excellent general advice that will be beneficial for almost everyone. However, it is a macro statement. It will take personal practice to find what’s right for you.

 
 

 
 

1 QUOTE

"Breathing, like most forms of physical rest, improves as you practice. It takes a little time. But it’s a technique you’ll be able to do for the rest of your life, so it’s worthwhile getting good at it now."

- Matthew Edlund, The Power of Rest

 
 

 
 

1 ANSWER

Answer: This mammal, weighing in at only 2 g, has the smallest lungs.

(Cue the Jeopardy music.)

Question: What is the bumblebee bat?


If you enjoy my work, check out a guest blog post I recently did for BreathWrk:

Pilot Your Breathing: The Unexpected Goal of a Breathing Practice

In good breath,
Nick

P.S. The Ultimate COVID-19 Sport.